As most of the renewable energy technologies provide electricity, renewable energy is often deployed together with further electrification, which has several benefits: electricity can move heat or objects efficiently, and is clean at the point of consumption. Renewable energy technology projects are typically large-scale, but they are also suited to rural and remote areas and developing countries, where energy is often crucial in human development. But the International Energy Agency said in 2021 that to reach net zero carbon emissions more effort is needed to increase renewables, and called for generation to increase by about 12% a year to 2030. In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for renewables such as solar power and wind power. However renewables are being hindered by hundreds of billions of dollars of fossil fuel subsidies. Deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies is resulting in significant energy security, climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. Renewable energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in contrast to fossil fuels, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Studies have shown that a global transition to 100% renewable energy across all sectors – power, heat, transport and desalination – is feasible and economically viable. National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the 2020s and beyond. A few countries generate all their electricity using renewable energy. Many nations around the world already have renewable energy contributing more than 20% of their total energy supply, with some generating over half their electricity from renewables. In most countries, photovoltaic solar or onshore wind are the cheapest new-build electricity. Renewable energy systems are rapidly becoming more efficient and cheaper and their share of total energy consumption is increasing, with a large majority of worldwide newly installed electricity capacity being renewable. Globally there are over 10 million jobs associated with the renewable energy industries, with solar photovoltaics being the largest renewable employer. Over 4% of energy consumption is heat energy from modern renewables, such as solar water heating, and over 6% electricity. About 7% of energy consumption is traditional biomass, but this is declining. About 20% of humans' global energy consumption is renewables, including almost 30% of electricity. Renewable energy often provides energy for electricity generation to a grid, air and water heating/ cooling, and stand-alone power systems. For example, some biomass sources are considered unsustainable at current rates of exploitation. Although most renewable energy sources are sustainable, some are not. It includes sources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale.
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